Four plausible futures for the U.S. launch environment in 2035, and what each one changes about turning a medicine into a viable business. An application of THRIVE Futures Architecture™, our scenario planning methodology for decisions under deep uncertainty. Read with a real medicine, portfolio or launch plan in mind, then test it against all four.




These worlds are thinking tools, not predictions. No probability is assigned to any of them, and elements may coexist across therapy areas, payer populations and care settings.
A medicine can succeed scientifically and enter a market whose rules have changed. This exploration asks what happens when advances in discovery and R&D meet new decision systems, affordability constraints, competing care models, and AI-informed stakeholders. Ten forces are already in motion, and every future contains them. Four change what a medicine is and how it is judged; six change the market it enters.
The purpose is not to identify the most likely future. It is to reveal the choices a launch strategy built only around today’s market could miss. One interpretation runs through the report: more launches may need the diagnostic-led patient identification and subgroup evidence associated with rare disease, without inheriting rare-disease pricing or a bespoke commercial model.
Across these forces, reliable, reimbursed use depends on evidence, delivery design, and negotiation. More credible candidates, tied more tightly to defined populations, can shorten the window in which a medicine is meaningfully differentiated.
When a medicine is judged on the total cost and result of care, a better-delivered existing treatment, a preventive program, or a lower-cost alternative competes with it. Earlier detection and prevention can expand some markets and reduce demand in others.
Data and delivery capability can become competitive assets held by organizations the developer neither owns nor controls. How much each matters, who controls it, and what it costs to combine them around a defined population differ across the four worlds.
The driving forces are a given; the scope and speed with which they transform the biopharma model are not. From a large universe of further uncertainties, THRIVE selected the ten it expects to shape the commercial model most profoundly by 2035. Two of them frame the worlds: one concerns authority, the other concerns money. The other eight specify the conditions inside each world.
Does an institutional pathway govern the treatment sequence, or do clinicians and patients retain meaningful discretion among competing recommendations?
Does a material share of payment depend on verified results after treatment, or primarily on units supplied at an agreed net price?

The medicine works. Its place in the system is another question.
Much of U.S. care is organized through institutional pathways that connect diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Following the pathway is the default; a departure needs a documented reason. A material share of payment depends on results verified after treatment, and a medicine’s position and terms stay open to reassessment as evidence and alternatives evolve.
Three weeks after an alert, her treatment, transport, monitoring, and follow-up are arranged. She has read about a medicine that would mean fewer visits; the pathway does not support it for her profile. She is looked after. She has little say.
What launch success depends on. Pathway position, earned with evidence the pathway can ingest and continuously reassessed. Outcome ownership: a deliberate decision about which parts of the care that produce the result the company takes responsibility for, because payment depends on them.

The patient has been found. The money has not.
The system identifies treatable need earlier and more precisely, but payment stays tied to units at negotiated prices, and budgets and capacity do not expand as fast as the population now identified. Companies compete to make worthwhile treatment affordable for more people through better patient selection, credible lower-cost alternatives, simpler administration, or better use of existing care.
An AI read of a routine mammogram flags her risk two years early. She meets the clinical criteria, not the plan’s funded tier: eligible, not funded this cycle. Her sister, insured through a different employer, has already started the recommended medicine.
What launch success depends on. Benefit-based patient definition: showing where the incremental benefit is unmistakable before the payer draws the funded tier. Affordable-scale design: price, delivery model, and channel planned around the full identified population, with funded reach and capacity tested before launch.

Prevention is organized. Treatment remains a personal choice.
Competing care networks organize prevention, treatment, and follow-up around results over time, and use performance-linked agreements where results can be measured reliably. Clinicians and patients keep meaningful choice. The best experience is not equally available: coverage, geography, and willingness to participate shape who gets it.
The nurse calls while she is walking her dog; her home readings have changed. She and her physician compare two covered options and choose one she can sustain. Her brother is just as willing to take part; neither plan available through his employer includes the network.
What launch success depends on. A package that travels: the medicine plus the diagnostics, monitoring, and support that produce the outcome, tailored to the targeted networks. Network sequencing: which networks to enter, in which order, and how to reduce contracting and deployment costs through reuse.

Care remains episodic. The sources of influence multiply.
Care remains predominantly episodic and transactional. Personal AI advisers, clinical tools, virtual services, employer programs, and membership offerings add sources of advice and routes to treatment; no organization routinely assembles them into continuous care. Medicines are paid for mainly through units at agreed net or cash prices, and the treatment decision stays with clinician and patient.
By Thursday she has three recommendations about switching medicines: her physician’s, her insurer’s, her adviser’s. She uploads her wearable summary, compares costs, and a manufacturer’s cash channel makes the switch affordable by Friday. The developer’s access dashboard has not moved.
What launch success depends on. Route economics: knowing which routes generate additional demand, which redistribute it, and what each contributes after costs. Coherence across advisers: one evidence-grounded value story, accurately represented in the physician’s tool, the patient’s adviser, and the care service.
Seven actions create value in all four worlds. They are recurring disciplines rather than an execution order, and they build the eight success factors before the market chooses which of them matters most. Each has an accountable owner and a concrete output in the report.
THRIVE Futures Architecture™ is our scenario planning method for decisions under deep uncertainty. It moves from what is given, the driving forces, to what is open, the critical uncertainties, to the two selected as axes, to the worlds those axes define, and then to the response for a specific decision-maker. The worlds are built so that a strategy or plan can be tested against each of them; the value lies in what holds across all four and in what only one world demands.
This edition takes the vantage of the launch leader and the launch excellence function. The same forces and uncertainties, read from regulatory, supply, medical, or a portfolio committee, would stress different uncertainties and demand different adaptations. THRIVE’s Futures of Biopharma work extends to those questions, and to care models and organizational capability. Europe and Asia editions follow later in Q4 2026.
From a specific launch to broader portfolio and organizational questions. Tell us what you are launching, and when, and we will come back to you with a proposed agenda for the conversation.
The future belongs to those who can hear it coming, prepare for it, and shape what comes next.
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